Was ihn besonders macht
A place of remembrance
Auschwitz-Birkenau is not a tourist attraction in any conventional sense. It is a preserved site of mass murder, maintained precisely as it was found at liberation, so that the world may never forget what happened here. To visit is to bear personal witness: to the barracks where prisoners slept five to a bunk, to the walls scarred by fingernails in the gas chambers, to the mountains of confiscated belongings that remain on display.
The scale of history
Auschwitz II-Birkenau stretches across 171 hectares. The physical scale of the camp makes visible, in a way nothing else can, the industrial intent behind what was built here. Visitors frequently describe the experience of walking Birkenau as one of the most affecting of their lives.
Witness one of the most carefully conserved sites in the world
The museum's conservation teams work continuously to stabilise original structures - wooden barracks, watchtowers, the ruins of the crematoria - against the natural passage of time. Visiting directly supports this work, as entry fees fund the museum's ongoing preservation and education programmes.
Sehenswerte Highlights
The Death Block
Known among prisoners as the Death Block, Block 11 was the camp's internal prison — a place of punishment within a place of punishment. It was here that the first experimental gassing with Zyklon B took place in September 1941, on Soviet prisoners of war. The basement cells include standing cell, tiny enclosed spaces measuring less than one square metre, into which four prisoners were forced to stand through the night before being sent back to forced labour at dawn. The courtyard between Block 10 and Block 11 contains the Death Wall, where tens of thousands of prisoners were shot at close range. The wall, partially reconstructed, remains one of the most visited and most solemn spaces in the entire camp.
Crematorium I & Gas Chamber
**Auschwitz I** The only gas chamber at Auschwitz to survive largely intact, Crematorium I at Auschwitz I is preserved as it was found at liberation. The holes in the ceiling through which Zyklon B pellets were dropped remain visible. The cremation ovens stand as they were. This is where the SS first developed and refined the methods of industrial mass murder that would be replicated on a vastly larger scale across the rest of the complex.
The Exhibition of Victims' Belongings: Block 4 & Block 5
Among the most emotionally overwhelming spaces in the entire site. Behind floor-to-ceiling glass panels, the museum displays the physical remnants of lives abruptly ended: approximately 3,800 kg of human hair shorn from victims after death, 110,000 shoes, thousands of suitcases bearing the names and home addresses of their owners, children's clothing, artificial limbs, and religious objects. These were collected by the SS and intended for reuse or sale. That they survive is the result of Soviet forces arriving before the SS could destroy the evidence. No exhibition anywhere conveys the human scale of the Holocaust more directly than this one.
The Ruins of Crematoria II & III in Birkenau
Located at the far end of the Birkenau rail line, the ruins of Crematoria II and III are among the most significant physical remains of the Holocaust anywhere in the world. The SS dynamited these structures in the final weeks before liberation in a deliberate attempt to destroy evidence of mass murder. What remains - collapsed concrete, exposed underground undressing rooms, twisted metal - was left by the museum exactly as it was found. A memorial and reflection pond stand nearby. This is where the majority of those murdered at Auschwitz-Birkenau were killed. Standing here, at the end of the railway line, closes a journey through the site that few visitors forget.
The Centra Sauna in Birkenau
One of the lesser-visited but deeply important structures at Birkenau, the Central Sauna was where newly arrived prisoners who had been selected for forced labour were processed — stripped, disinfected, shaved, tattooed with identification numbers, and issued with prisoner uniforms. The building now houses one of the most moving exhibitions on the site: an installation of original arrival photographs taken by the SS, known as the Auschwitz Album, showing Hungarian Jewish families at the moment of their arrival on the Birkenau ramp in 1944. It is the only known photographic record of the arrival and selection process, and among the most important Holocaust documents in existence.
Wussten Sie schon
A place of silence
Auschwitz-Birkenau is one of the few heritage sites in the world where visitors instinctively lower their voices upon entry. There are no audio guides with background music, no gift shop at the main gate. The site's conservation philosophy deliberately preserves discomfort. Original prisoner barracks, personal belongings, and the ruins of the crematoria are presented without dramatisation.